ROPs (Raster Operations Pipelines - sometimes also referred to as Render Output Units) are responsible for outputting the pixels (image) to the screen. Pixel rate is calculated by multiplying the number of Render Output Units by the clock speed of the card. Pixel Rate: Pixel rate is the most pixels the video card can possibly write to the local memory per second - measured in millions of pixels per second. It is measured in millions of texels applied per second. The better this number, the better the video card will be at texture filtering (anisotropic filtering - AF). This is calculated by multiplying the total texture units of the card by the core speed of the chip. Texel Rate: Texel rate is the maximum texture map elements (texels) that can be processed in one second. It especially helps with AA, HDR and high resolutions. The higher the card's memory bandwidth, the faster the card will be in general. ![]() If the card has DDR RAM, it should be multiplied by 2 once again. It is worked out by multiplying the bus width by its memory clock speed. ![]() Memory Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the max amount of data (measured in MB per second) that can be transported across the external memory interface in a second.
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